Longitudinally, from the Trafalgar to the Punta Europa meridian (Gibraltar), the Strait extends over 55 miles, which the average freighter crosses in five hours, and the ocean liner, in two. From Cape Spartel (Tangiers) to Cape Trafalgar, the width is 45 kilometers. From Punta Europa in Gibraltar to Cape Santa Catalina in Ceuta, it is 23 kilometers. At its narrowest, from Tarifa to Punta Ciris, it is 15 kilometers.

La Singulière zone de Tanger – V. Vernier, 1955

Even in its collapse, the colonial dream has left us the heritage of an iniquitous regime of managing and perceiving the mobility between the North and the South of the Mediterranean. In this bottleneck known as the Strait of Gibraltar, visiting rights are now unilateral.

This territory of the in-between has the astonishing particularity of being marked by the coincidence between a physical space, a symbolic space, an historical space, and finally, an intimate space.

In Arabic as in English, strait conjugates narrowness (dayq) and distress (mutadayeq). In clear weather, the horizon of the Moroccan coasts is Span; but the strait has become a huge Moroccan cemetery. This new immigration differs from the preceding ones. It has its vocabulary, its legends, its songs and rituals. People no longer say "he emigrated," but h'reg: "he burnt," he burnt his papers, his past. The exploits of the ‘burnt’ crop up everywhere, their stories stoke the desire for elsewhere. An enclave long forgotten by national investments, Tangiers is now the city where thousands of hopes come up short. What I want to show in this city is the inscription of this stubborn urge for departure which marks a people.

I have sought to suggest the metonymical character of the Strait in this series of photographs, by insisting on the tension between allegory and snapshot. Strait is another word for the temptation of departure, and a commonplace (which has become a common bond), ceaselessly agitating the streets of Tangiers. This gives the streets the form of an imaginary space, into which all the obstinate dreams of leaving the country are engulfed. The would-be immigrant forges a collective identity here, by dint of being legally obstructed from crossing the Strait. This obstacle is not without consequences on the states of dispossession that emerge, and on the indignity attached to the immigrants position. This new immigration (a temporary, individual movement) is perceived in Europe as being closer to a migration (a massive shift of population). We are in the era of suspicion.

Our Moroccan cities are shaped by urban migrations, but also by and for tourism, these two great mass movements which are directly connected to the machinery of globalization. This transformation requires a reconfiguration of the geography of differences, while new trajectories (the rural exodus, the return of Emigrant Moroccan Workers – EMWs – on their summer visits...) imply new identities , identities which themselves are forged in resistance to the domestication of space (cf. the model GRAN ROYAL TURISMO).

When I take photographs in Tangiers, I can hardly ignore the fact that I am in my father's native city, where my mother came to lose her way. I do not seek to de-dramatize the tension and dangers of departure. Yet I've never quite known where I am myself when I walk through this city, in what history. I can photograph all the inhabitants who want to leave it, but myself, I always return, and I live there in the comfort of the maternal home. In my images I no doubt exorcise the violence of departure (the others' departure), but I give myself up to the violence of return (to home). The estrangement is that of a false familiarity. I photograph temptations, and not veritable attempts, in a reportage-like style. As soon as I am back in Tangiers, I am once again in a state of absence, I become absent. Perhaps there is a relation between my highly personal experience and the situation of a population seeking to leave the country, having not found its place there. I began to photograph my mother's house, the violence of domestic relations; and of course, what I find nearby, much closer, are the people dreaming of absence.

-Yto Barrada is a French /Moroccan visual artist living in Paris and Tangier

-The text is contributed to the Pages by Yto Barrada and Witte de With, center for contemporary art , Rotterdam. the Netherlands.

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